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 A.        Pengertian Direct and Indirect Speech  

          Direct speech merupakan cara untuk melaporkan apa yang orang telah katakan atau tulis, berupa pernyataan, pertanyaan, atau ucapan lainnya, dengan mengutip persis perkataannya. Sebaliknya pada ,indirect speech perkataan disampaikan dengan mengubah formatnya agar menjadi lebih jelas, alami, dan efisien bagi pendengarnya. Speech Direct dilingkupi quotation marks. Selain itu, attribution (asked, says, said, yelled, shouted, replied, ordered) sering juga menyertai direct speech.

Contoh :

Bentuk direct speech

1.           I like eating out, said Vina.      

            (Saya suka makan diluar)

2.             Have you finished your homework? he asked.
(Sudahkan kamu  menyelesaikan PR?)

Bentuk indirect speech

1.              Vina said that she liked eating out.

(Vina mengatakan bahwa dia suka makan di luar.)

2.       He wanted to know whether I had finished my homework.
(Dia ingin tau apakah saya sudah menyelesaikan PR.)

B.    Pengertian simpel present tenses, simpel past tenses, simpel future

1.        Simple present tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja untuk menyatakan fakta, kebiasaan, atau     kejadian yang terjadi pada saat ini. Bentuk kata kerja ini paling sering digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris. 

Rumus:

·         Mengekspresikan kalimat Simple Present Tense yang menggunakan kata kerja verb.

+ subject + verb1 + object

-   Subjet + verb1 + don’t/does not + verb 1 + object

? do ? does + subject + verb1 + object ?

? Question word + do/does + subject + verb 1 ?

Contoh :

+ I speak English everyday

-   I don't speak English

? Do you speak English?

? Do you speak English?

·         Mengekspresikan kalimat Simple Present Tense yang tidak menggunakan kata kerja non verb

Rumus :

+ Subject + To be 1 + Non Verb + Object

-   Subject + To be 1 + NOT + Non Verb + Object

? To be 1 + Subject + Non Verb + Object?

?  Question Word + To be 1 + Subject + Non Verb + Object?

Contoh :

+  I am a teacher.

-   I am not a teacher.

? Are you a teacher?

? What are you ?

2.        Simple past tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja sederhana untuk menunjukkan bahwa suatu kejadian terjadi di masa lampau. Pada simple past tense, waktu kejadian (yesterday, last two days, last year) atau periode waktunya (for two months, for a day, for an hour) dapat disebutkan secara spesifik. Simple past tense juga dapat digunakan untuk membentuk  conditional sentence tipe 2.

Rumus:

·         Mengekspresikan kalimat Simple Past Tense yang menggunakan kata kerja atau verb

+ subject + verb2 + object

- subject + DID NOT + verb 1 + object

? DID + subject + verb 1 + object ?

? Question word + DID + subject + verb 1 ?

Contoh :

+ he bought a pair of shoes yesterday

-   He didn’nt buy a pair of shoes ysterday

? did he buy a pair of shoes yesterday ?

·         Mengekspresikan kalimat Simple Past Tense yang tidak menggunakan kata kerja non verb

+ subject + to br 2 + non verb + object

-   Subject + to be 2 + not + non verb + object

? to be 2 + subject + non verb +object ?

? Question word + to be + subject + non verb + object ?

Contoh :

+ I was a singer 5 year ago

-   I was not a singer 5 year ago

? were a singer 5 year ago..?

3.         Simple future tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi terjadi dimasa depan, secara spontan atau terencana. Tense ini juga dapat digunakan untuk membentuk conditional sentence tipe 1. 

        Rumus:

·         Kata kerja
+ subject + will + bare infinitive

-   Subject will not + bare infinitve

? will + subject + bare infinitve?

Contoh :

+ You will win

-   You won’t win

? Will you win?

 ·         Kata sifat

+ subject + be going to + bare infinitive

-   Subject will not + bare infinitve

? subject + be not going to + bare infinitive/
Contoh :
+ They are going to come 
 -   They are not going to come
? Are they going to come

Contoh kalimat present tenses di ubah ke past tenses

Present:     i don't like her                                Past  :  I didn't like her

Present:     he comes to see me everyday        past  : he came to see me yesterday

Present:     i write a letter                                past  : i wrote a letter

Present:     She loves me                                 past  : she loved me

Present:     I sing some songs                          past  : i sang some songs

Present:     we go to her house                        past  : we went to her house

Present:     you eat my meal                            past  : you ate my meal

Present:     he tells me about you                    past  : he told me about you

Present:     she gets up early                            past  : she got up early

Present:     i send him a lot of money              past  : i sent him a lot of money

Referensi:

http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-contoh-kalimat-direct-indirect-speech

http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-rumus-contoh-kalimat-simple-present-tense
http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-rumus-contoh-kalimat-simple-past-tense
http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-rumus-contoh-kalimat-simple-future-tense